It is omnipresent, people use numerous Python-powered devices on a daily basis, whether they realize it or not. There have been millions (well, actually billions) of lines of code written in Python, which means almost unlimited opportunities for code reuse and learning from well-crafted examples.

HISTORY

Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and early nineties at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science in the Netherland.

Guido Van Rossom

In 1999, Guido van Rossum defined his goals for Python:

an easy and intuitive language just as powerful as those of the major competitors;
open source, so anyone can contribute to its development;
code that is as understandable as plain English;
suitable for everyday tasks, allowing for short development times.

The language’s name isn’t about snakes, but about the popular British comedy troupe Monty Python (from the 1970's). Guido himself is a big fan of Monty Python’s Flying Circus. Being in a rather irreverent mood, he named the project ‘Python’. Isn’t it an interesting Python fact?

INTRODUCTION

Python is a widely-used, interpreted, object-oriented, and high-level programming language with dynamic semantics, an open-source (free) programming language, used for general-purpose programming. Learning Python allows the programmer to focus on solving problems, rather than focusing on syntax.
Python is derived from many other languages, including ABC, Modula-3, C, C++, Algol-68, SmallTalk, Unix shell and other scripting languages.

The default Python distribution from ‘python.org’ is written in C; but there are also versions of the python interpreter written in : Java, C#, Python (well a subset called RPython)

But to use Python you don’t need to know anything but Python itself.

FEATURES:

· Easy-to-learn

· Easy-to-read

· Easy-to-maintain

· Large standard library

· Free and Open Source

· Interactive Mode

· Portable

· Extendable

· Databases

· GUI Programming

· Scalable

· Dynamically Typed Language

Easy-to-learn − Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly defined syntax. This allows the student to pick up the language quickly.
Easy-to-read − Python code is more clearly defined and visible to the eyes.
Easy-to-maintain − Python's source code is fairly easy-to-maintain.
Large standard library − Python's bulk of the library is very portable and cross-platform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh.
Interactive Mode − Python has support for an interactive mode which allows interactive testing and debugging of snippets of code.
Portable − Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms and has the same interface on all platforms.
Extendable − You can add low-level modules to the Python interpreter. These modules enable programmers to add to or customize their tools to be more efficient.
Databases − Python provides interfaces to all major commercial databases.
GUI Programming − Python supports GUI applications that can be created and ported to many system calls, libraries and windows systems, such as Windows MFC, Macintosh, and the X Window system of Unix.
Scalable − Python provides a better structure and support for large programs than shell scripting.
Dynamically Typed Language – Python is a dynamically-typed language. That means the type (for example-int, double, long, etc.) for a variable is decided at run time not in advance because of this feature we don’t need to specify the type of variable.

WHY PYTHON ?

· Python will be an excellent first step for those who are new to coding. Its syntax is very simple and is more like English

· Large programming community

· Excellent online documentation

· World-wide popularity

· Powerful and flexible

Python VS C:

It is easier to write a code in Python as the number of lines is less comparatively.
Python is written in C programming language, and it is also called CPython.
Hello world program in Python & C

Applications of Python:

· Web Development

· Game Development

· Developing audio and video apps

· Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

· Data Science and Data Visualization

· Business Applications and many more...

And what about the major websites and services? Dropbox? UBER? Spotify? Pinterest ? BuzzFeed? Yes. They were all written, to a greater or lesser extent, in Python.

· Python is used in 3D animation software and also used to develop graphic design applications.

· For example in Netflix, what if you were watching your favourite movie and it keeps buffering every now and then? You would just shut down the application and choose another option. But, how does it manage the traffic of millions of users swiftly? Thanks, to Python

· It is also used for scientific computing and even has science friendly libraries which are very much helpful in astronomy, statistical analysis of graphs, neuroscience etc.

Web Development

Python can be used to make web-applications at a rapid rate. Why is that? It is because of the frameworks Python uses to create these applications. Some of the most well-known frameworks are Django, Flask, Pyramid.

Game Development

Python is also used in the development of interactive games. There are libraries such as PySoy which is a 3D game engine supporting Python 3. Games such as Civilization-IV, Disney’s Toontown Online, Vega Strike etc. have been built using Python.

Do you remember Battlefield 2, Battlefield 2142 and Battlefield Heroes - strategy and first person shooter games from EA DICE? All the games use Python for logic and server controls. Python is frequently used for creating open-source, free games, e.g., OpenRTS, PySol, Metin 2, or Frets On Fire - famous Guitar Hero-like games written in pygame.

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence are the talks of the town as they yield the most promising careers for the future. We make the computer learn based on past experiences through the data stored or better yet, create algorithms which makes the computer learn by itself. The programming language that mostly everyone chooses? It’s Python. Why? Support for these domains with the libraries that exist already such as Pandas, Scikit-Learn, NumPy and so many more.

Data Science and Data Visualization

Data is money if you know how to extract relevant information which can help you take calculated risks and increase profits. You study the data you have, perform operations and extract the information required. Libraries such as Pandas, NumPy help you in extracting information.

Business Applications

Business Applications are different than our normal applications covering domains such as e-commerce, ERP and many more. They require applications which are scalable, extensible and easily readable and Python provides us with all these features.

Scope / Careers you can have if you learn python:

1. Python Developer - Python Developers are usually in charge of designing, coding software applications with the help of Python language. Primary responsibilities of Python developers are writing code for backend, debug the errors and integrate.

2.Data Scientist- The data scientist is able to define the problem statement, project objectives in line with the business goals. They help identify patterns and trends using artificial intelligence, machine learning and make predictions based on data. They are required to have a strong background in the related subjects of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics and data engineering.

3.Quality Assurance Engineer- They ensure the quality of the product by providing timely and relevant feedback. They don’t build software, but spend a lot of time testing it.

4. Data Analyst-A data analyst is someone who scrutinizes information using data analysis tools. The meaningful results they pull from the raw data help their employers or clients make important decisions by identifying various facts and trends performing further analysis to determine the meaning of the data.

5. Machine Learning Engineer-A Machine Learning Engineer feeds data into the machines. The machines learn and apply learned knowledge without specific instructions.

6.Product Manager- With Python’s help, they can instil the data to produce facts that benefit a company largely.

DRAWBACKS

Of course, Python has its drawbacks, too:

It's not a speed demon - Python does not deliver exceptional performance;
In some cases it may be resistant to some simpler testing techniques - this may mean that debugging Python's code can be more difficult than with other languages; fortunately, making mistakes is always harder in Python.
It should also be stated that Python is not the only solution of its kind available on the IT market.

Top apps to learn python programming:

Learn Python-Ultimate Guide
Great Learning –Free Courses online & certificate
Learn python: Programiz
DataCamp
Mimo
Python Programming App: Offline Python Tutorial

W e b s i t e s :

https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python-3

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-programming-language/?ref=grb

https://www.udemy.com/course/python-the-complete-python-developer-course/

https://www.coursera.org/learn/python

Y o u t u b e C h a n n e l s :

The Net Ninja

Edureka

B o o k s :

Automating Boring Stuff with Python

Fluency Python: Clear, Concise, and Effective Programming, by Luciano Ramalho

Learn Python 3 The Hard Way, by Zed A. Shaw

Head First Python: A Brain-Friendly Guide, by Paul Barry

Python Tutorial By CodeClary

A Byte of Python by Swaroop

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COGNITIA - Python Series